Question 1

How many directors are required for a private limited company?

Accepted Answer

Recent photograph of each subscriber to the memorandum, affixed and scanned with the MOA and AOA (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(1)(a)); Income-tax Permanent Account Number (PAN) of each subscriber - PAN card is mandatory for Indian nationals (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(1)(h) and rule 16(1)(m)); Proof of identity - for Indian nationals, any ONE of: Voter's identity card, Passport copy, Driving Licence copy, Unique Identification Number (UIN); for foreign nationals and Non Resident Indians: Passport (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(1)(m)); Residential proof - Bank Statement, Electricity Bill, or Telephone / Mobile Bill (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(1)(n)); Proof of nationality, where the subscriber is a foreign national (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(1)(o)); Specimen signature and latest photograph duly verified by the banker or notary, in Form No. INC-10 (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(1)(q)); Notarisation (and, for Hague Apostille Convention countries, apostille) of the signature, address and proof of identity of a subscriber who is a foreign national residing outside India; in a non-Commonwealth, non-Apostille country the notary's certificate must be authenticated by a Diplomatic or Consular Officer (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 13(5)(a) to (c)); Where a subscriber is a body corporate: certified true copy of the board resolution (or, for an LLP or partnership firm, the resolution agreed by all partners) authorising subscription to the memorandum, the investment, the number of shares, and naming the person authorised to subscribe (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(2)(f) and rule 16(2)(g)); Where a subscriber is a foreign body corporate: copy of its certificate of incorporation and its registered office address (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 16(2)(i)); Declaration by an advocate, Chartered Accountant, Cost Accountant or Company Secretary in practice, in Form No. INC-8 (Companies Act 2013, section 7(1)(b), read with Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 14); Affidavit from each subscriber to the memorandum and each first director named in the articles, in Form No. INC-9 (Companies Act 2013, section 7(1)(c), read with Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 15); Particulars of each first director and his interest in other firms or bodies corporate, together with his consent to act as director, filed in Form No. DIR-12 (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 17); Registered office proof - ANY of: (a) the registered document of title of the premises in the name of the company; or (b) a notarised copy of the lease or rent agreement in the name of the company together with a rent-paid receipt; (c) authorisation from the owner or authorised occupant of the premises together with proof of ownership or occupancy authorisation (Companies Act 2013, section 12(2), read with Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 25(2)(a) to (c); filed in Form No. INC-22); Proof of evidence of a utility service - telephone, gas, electricity etc. - depicting the address of the premises in the name of the owner or of the document relied on (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 25(2)(d); filed in Form No. INC-22); One Person Company only: written consent of the nominee, in Form No. INC-3, together with the nomination in Form No. INC-2 (Companies Act 2013, section 3(1) first proviso, read with Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 4(1) and 4(2)); Section 8 (not-for-profit) company only: draft memorandum and articles; declaration in Form No. INC-14 by an advocate, CA, Cost Accountant or CS in practice; an estimate of the future annual income and expenditure of the company for the next three years specifying sources of income and objects of expenditure; and the declaration in Form No. INC-15 by each applicant (Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, rule 19(3)(a) to (d); application in Form No. INC-12)

Question 2

Documents required for Company Income Tax Return

Accepted Answer

Audited financial statements for the year - the balance sheet as at 31 March 2026 and the statement of profit and loss, with the schedules behind them. A company on Ind AS gives the Ind AS versions; the form carries a separate Part A-BS - Ind AS and Part A-P&L - Ind AS for them. The figures are keyed into the return, not attached to it (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), Part A-BS 'BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31ST DAY OF MARCH, 2026 OR AS ON THE DATE OF AMALGAMATION' and Part A-P&L; Part A-BS - Ind AS '[applicable for a company whose financial statements are drawn up in compliance to the Indian Accounting Standards specified in Annexure to the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015]'); Tax audit report under section 44AB (Form 3CA/3CB with Form 3CD), where the company is liable - e-filed separately by the accountant. The return records its date of furnishing, its ACKNOWLEDGEMENT NUMBER, the name of the auditor (proprietorship/firm) and that firm's PAN (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), AUDIT INFORMATION A20(b)-(c): 'Whether liable for audit under section 44AB? ... If (b) is Yes, whether the accounts have been audited by an accountant? ... (1) Date of furnishing of audit report (2) Acknowledgement Number of the Audit Report (3) Name of the auditor (proprietorship/firm) (4) Permanent Account Number (PAN) of the proprietorship/ firm'); Transfer pricing audit report under section 92E, where the company is liable, with its date of furnishing and acknowledgement number (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), AUDIT INFORMATION A20(di)-(dii): 'Are you liable for Audit u/s 92E?' and 'If (di) is Yes, whether the accounts have been audited u/s. 92E? ... Date of furnishing audit report? DD/MM/YYYY ... Acknowledgement Number'); Any other audit report required under the Income-tax Act, with the section code, the date of furnishing and the acknowledgement number for each (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), AUDIT INFORMATION A20(diii): 'If liable to furnish other audit report under the Income-tax Act, mention whether have you furnished such report. If yes, please provide the details as under: Sl. No. | Section Code | Date (DD/MM/YYYY) | Acknowledgement Number'); Form 10-IB, 10-IC or 10-ID, where the company has opted or is opting for taxation under section 115BA, 115BAA or 115BAB - the return needs the assessment year the option was first exercised, and the date of filing and acknowledgement number of that form (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), Part A-GEN (e): 'Have you opted for taxation under section 115BA/115BAA/115BAB? ... If yes, please furnish the AY in which said option is exercised for the first time along with date of filing of relevant form (10-IB/ 10-IC/ 10-ID) & acknowledgment number. If no, whether you are choosing to opt for taxation under section 115BA/115BAA/115BAB this year? ... Please provide the date of filing of relevant form (10-IB/10-IC/10-ID) & acknowledgment number.'); Tax computation and the supporting schedules - advance tax and self-assessment tax challans, and TDS and TCS credit particulars, reconciled against Form 26AS / AIS. The challan and deduction details are entered in the return's tax-payment schedules; no certificate or challan is attached (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), Part B-TTI and Schedules TDS/TCS (ScheduleTDS2, ScheduleTDS3 and the TCS schedule in the Department's schema for the year)); Particulars of every Managing Director, director, secretary and principal officer who held office during the year, and of the person verifying the return - name, designation, residential address, PAN or Aadhaar number, and DIN issued by MCA for each director (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), KEY PERSONS A23: 'Particulars of Managing Director, Directors, Secretary and Principal officer(s) who have held the office during the previous year and the details of eligible person who is verifying the return. | S.No. | Name | Designation | Residential Address | PAN/Aadhaar No. | Director Identification Number (DIN) issued by MCA, in case of Director'); Particulars of every beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power at any time during the year - name, address, percentage held and PAN (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), SHAREHOLDERS INFORMATION A24: 'Particulars of persons who were beneficial owners of shares holding not less than 10% of the voting power at any time of the previous year | S.No. | Name and Address | Percentage of shares held | PAN'); The company's Corporate Identity Number (CIN) issued by MCA, its date of incorporation and its date of commencement of business (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), Part A-GEN, PERSONAL INFORMATION: '(A4) Corporate Identity Number (CIN) issued by MCA', '(A5) Date of incorporation (DD/MM/YYYY)', '(A6) Date of commencement of business (DD/MM/YYYY)'); Udyam registration number under the MSMED Act 2006, where the company is recognised as an MSME; and an LEI number with its valid-upto date, where the refund claimed is Rs 50 crore or more (FORM ITR-6 (AY 2026-27), Part A-GEN (r) 'Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) details (mandatory if refund is 50 Crores or more) | LEI Number | Valid upto date' and (s) 'Whether you are recognized as MSME? ... If yes, please provide registration number allotted as per MSMED Act, 2006'); Digital Signature Certificate of the person verifying the return - understood to be the only permitted verification method for a company, though see the note (Income-tax Rules 1962, rule 12(3) - NOT READ AT SOURCE. Previously cited to the Instructions to Form ITR-6 for AY 2021-22: 'This Return Form can be filed with the Income-tax Department electronically ... and verified by way of digital signature only')

Question 3

Stamp duty on incorporation — Karnataka

Accepted Answer

Karnataka DOES charge stamp duty on formation instruments, and materially so - the earlier record's conclusion that the published schedule 'does not list a specific rate for company/LLP/partnership formation instruments' was wrong. Articles of Association (Article 10), Memorandum of Association (Article 33), partnership constitution (Article 40-A) and LLP constitution (Article 40A) each carry their own rate in the Schedule to the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957. Threshold: Every formation instrument executed in Karnataka. Article 10 exempts the articles of any association not formed for profit and registered under section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956. Where a Memorandum of Association is NOT accompanied by Articles of Association it bears the same duty as Article 10 rather than the flat Rs 5,000. Fee basis: Instrument by instrument. The company rates are capital-scaled with a cap; the partnership and LLP rates are banded by capital. Slabs: Articles of Association of a company (Article 10) - Rs 5,000 for every Rs 10 lakh of share capital or part thereof, subject to a maximum of Rs 1 crore - amount shown is the per-Rs-10-lakh unit — INR 5000; Articles of Association of a company (Article 10) - statutory MAXIMUM — INR 10000000; Memorandum of Association of a company (Article 33(a)) - where accompanied by Articles of Association — INR 5000; Partnership - instrument of constitution (Article 40-A), where the capital of the partnership does not exceed Rs 50,000 — INR 500; Partnership - instrument of constitution (Article 40-A), in any other case — INR 2000; Partnership - instrument of reconstitution (Article 40-B(b)), in any other case — INR 2000; Partnership - instrument of dissolution (Article 40-C(b)), in any other case — INR 2000; Limited Liability Partnership - constitution, or conversion of a firm, private company or unlisted public limited company into an LLP (Article 40A(A)(a)) - where the capital does not exceed Rs 10 lakh — INR 5000 Renewal: Not applicable - a one-time duty on execution. Deadline: Duty is payable on or before execution of the instrument. Karnataka now also operates the Karnataka Stamp (Digital e-Stamp) Rules, 2025. Statute: The Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957 (Karnataka Act 34 of 1957), Schedule Articles 10, 33, 40 and 40A, as amended up to Act 30 of 2025; the formation rates were substituted by the Karnataka Stamp (Amendment) Act, Act 04 of 2024 with effect from 3 February 2024 UPGRADED FROM INDICATIVE TO VERIFIED, AND THE EARLIER RECORD'S CORE FINDING IS REVERSED. The earlier record concluded from igr.karnataka.gov.in's landing page that the published schedule covers only property transactions and carries no incorporation rate. That is wrong, and the error came from reading the registration-fee landing page rather than the Act's Schedule. The full English text of the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957 as amended to Act 30 of 2025 was retrieved from indiacode.gov.in through its DSpace API (item c0b1c569-0f8c-4f93-bbb3-24de748d77d2, English bitstream '34_of_1957_(e)_30_of_2025.pdf', 1,943,125 bytes, 108 pages) and Articles 10, 33, 40 and 40A were read verbatim from the Schedule. NOTE the India Code TEXT bundle for this item is TRUNCATED at section 21 and does not contain the Schedule at all; the ORIGINAL PDF had to be fetched and re-extracted. COMPETITOR FIGURES ARE WRONG AND WERE REJECTED: several sources circulate 'Karnataka charges Rs 500 flat stamp duty on LLP agreements'. Article 40A, inserted by Act 16 of 2015 and substituted by Act 04 of 2024, charges Rs 5,000 where LLP capital does not exceed Rs 10 lakh - ten times that figure; Rs 500 is the old partnership-constitution rate for capital up to Rs 50,000 under Article 40-A, a different instrument. DEFECT IN THE STATUTORY TEXT, RECORDED NOT CORRECTED: Article 40A(A)(b), for LLP capital exceeding Rs 10 lakh, reads 'Rupees five thousand plus rupees five lakhs for every rupees ten lakhs capital amount, subject to a maximum of rupees Twenty five lakhs'. Read literally the incremental rate is Rs 5,00,000 per Rs 10 lakh of capital, which is internally implausible against the Rs 25 lakh cap and against the Rs 5,000 base; the band's own heading says 'for every rupees five lakh or part thereof exceeding rupees ten lakhs'. NO AMOUNT IS RECORDED FOR THAT BAND because the published text cannot be relied on; an LLP with capital above Rs 10 lakh must have its duty confirmed with the Department before any figure is quoted. Also not recorded: the ad valorem heads - Article 40-B(a) and 40-C(a) charge five per cent on the market value of immovable property remaining with or distributed by the firm, and Article 40A(B) charges five per cent on reconstruction or amalgamation of an LLP.

How many directors are required for a private limited company?

Documents required for Company Incorporation

Documents required for Company Income Tax Return

Stamp duty on incorporation — Karnataka

Company Incorporation

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